| Last Year | Manned Spaceflight Chronology Index | Next Year |
| Flight | Launch | Landing | Name | Country | Parameters | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STS-37 | April 5, 1991 (14:22 GMT) |
April 11, 1991 (13:55 GMT) |
Commander: Steven Nagel (3rd Flight) (NASA Group 8) |
USA | M | Perigee: 459 km Apogee: 459 km Inclination: 28.45° 93 orbits 2 spacewalks |
| Pilot: Kenneth Cameron (1st Flight) (NASA Group 10) |
USA | M | ||||
| Mission Specialist 1: Linda Godwin (1st Flight) (NASA Group 11) |
USA | F | ||||
| Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) (8th Mission) |
Launch Pad 39B Kennedy Space Center, Florida |
31st landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California (Runway 33) |
Mission Specialist 2: Jerry Ross (3rd Flight) (NASA Group 9) |
USA | M | Time 5 days 23 hours 32 minutes |
| Mission Specialist 3: Jerome "Jay" Apt (1st Flight) (NASA Group 11) |
USA | M | ||||
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| STS-39 | April 28, 1991 (11:33 GMT) |
May 6, 1991 (18:55 GMT) |
Commander: Michael Coats (3rd Flight) (NASA Group 8) |
USA | M | Perigee: 259 km Apogee: 259 km Inclination: 57° 134 orbits |
| Pilot: Blaine Hammond (1st Flight) (NASA Group 10) |
USA | M | ||||
| Mission Specialist 1: Gregory Harbaugh (1st Flight) (NASA Group 12) |
USA | M | ||||
| Mission Specialist 2: Donald McMonagle (1st Flight) (NASA Group 12) |
USA | M | ||||
| Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) (12th Mission) |
Launch Pad 39A Kennedy Space Center, Florida |
7th landing at Kennedy Space Center, Florida (Runway 15) |
Mission Specialist 3: Guion Bluford (3rd Flight) (NASA Group 8) |
USA | M | Time 8 days 7 hours 22 minutes |
| Mission Specialist 4: Charles Veach (1st Flight) (NASA Group 10) |
USA | M | ||||
| Mission Specialist 5: Richard Hieb (1st Flight) (NASA Group 11) |
USA | M | ||||
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| Soyuz TM-12 (7K-STM #62) |
May 18, 1991 (12:50 GMT) |
October 10, 1991 (04:12 GMT) |
Commander: Anatoli Artsebarsky (1st Flight) (TsPK Detachment - Group 9) |
USSR | M | Perigee: 350 km Apogee: 350 km Inclination: 51.6° 2,288 orbits 6 spacewalks |
| Flight Engineer: Sergei Krikalyov (2nd Flight) (NPOE Detachment - Group 9) (Down - Soyuz TM-13) (311 days 20 hours 1 minute) |
USSR | M | ||||
| Site-1 (Launch Pad 5) Baikonur Cosmodrome |
61 km SW of Arkalyk | Commercial Cosmonaut: Helen Sharman (1st Flight) (Project Juno) (Down - Soyuz TM-11) (7 days 21 hours 15 minutes) |
Great Britain | F | ||
| Docked with Mir May 20, 1991 (14:30 GMT) (Forward Port) |
Undocked from Mir October 9, 1991 (20:55 GMT) (Kvant) |
1st Backup Crew: Aleksandr Volkov | USSR | M | Time 144 days 15 hours 21 minutes |
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| 1st Backup Crew: Aleksandr Kaleri | USSR | M | ||||
| 1st Backup Crew: Timothy Mace | Great Britain | M | ||||
| Launch Vehicle Soyuz-U2 |
Port Relocation May 28, 1991 (10:10 GMT - 10:52 GMT) (Forward Port to Kvant) |
2nd Backup Crew: Aleksandr Viktorenko | USSR | M | ||
| 2nd Backup Crew: Sergei Avdeyev | USSR | M | ||||
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| STS-40 | June 5, 1991 (13:24 GMT) |
June 14, 1991 (15:39 GMT) |
Commander: Bryan O'Connor (2nd Flight) (NASA Group 9) |
USA | M | Perigee: 290 km Apogee: 290 km Inclination: 39° 146 orbits |
| Pilot: Sidney Gutierrez (1st Flight) (NASA Group 10) |
USA | M | ||||
| Mission Specialist 1: James Bagian (2nd Flight) (NASA Group 9) |
USA | M | ||||
| Mission Specialist 2: Tamara Jernigan (1st Flight) (NASA Group 11) |
USA | F | ||||
| Mission Specialist 3: Margaret Rhea Seddon (2nd Flight) (NASA Group 8) |
USA | F | ||||
| Space Shuttle Columbia (OV-102) (11th Mission) |
Launch Pad 39B Kennedy Space Center, Florida |
32nd landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California (Runway 22) |
Payload Specialist 1: Andrew Gaffney (1st Flight) (NASA Payload Specialist for SLS-1) |
USA | M | Time 9 days 2 hours 14 minutes |
| Payload Specialist 2: Millie Hughes-Fulford (1st Flight) (NASA Payload Specialist for SLS-1) |
USA | F | ||||
| Backup Payload Specialist: Bill Williams | USA | M | ||||
| Backup Payload Specialist: Robert Philips | USA | M | ||||
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| STS-43 | August 2, 1991 (15:02 GMT) |
August 11, 1991 (12:23 GMT) |
Commander: John Blaha (3rd Flight) (NASA Group 9) |
USA | M | Perigee: 322 km Apogee: 322 km Inclination: 28.45° 142 orbits |
| Pilot: Michael Baker (1st Flight) (NASA Group 11) |
USA | M | ||||
| Mission Specialist 1: Shannon Lucid (3rd Flight) (NASA Group 8) |
USA | F | ||||
| Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) (9th Mission) |
Launch Pad 39A Kennedy Space Center, Florida |
8th landing at Kennedy Space Center, Florida (Runway 15) |
Mission Specialist 2: David Low (2nd Flight) (NASA Group 10) |
USA | M | Time 8 days 21 hours 21 minutes |
| Mission Specialist 3: James Adamson (2nd Flight) (NASA Group 10) |
USA | M | ||||
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| STS-48 | September 12, 1991 (23:11 GMT) |
September 18, 1991 (07:38 GMT) |
Commander: John Creighton (3rd Flight) (NASA Group 8) |
USA | M | Perigee: 579 km Apogee: 579 km Inclination: 57° 81 orbits |
| Pilot: Kenneth Reightler (1st Flight) (NASA Group 12) |
USA | M | ||||
| Mission Specialist 1: James Buchli (4th Flight) (NASA Group 8) |
USA | M | ||||
| Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) (13th Mission) |
Launch Pad 39A Kennedy Space Center, Florida |
33rd landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California (Runway 22) |
Mission Specialist 2: Mark Brown (2nd Flight) (NASA Group 10) |
USA | M | Time 5 days 8 hours 27 minutes |
| Mission Specialist 3: Charles Gemar (2nd Flight) (NASA Group 11) |
USA | M | ||||
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| Soyuz TM-13 (7K-STM #63) |
October 2, 1991 (05:59 GMT) |
March 25, 1992 (08:51 GMT) |
Commander: Aleksandr Volkov (3rd Flight) (TsPK Detachment - Group 6) |
USSR | M | Perigee: 350 km Apogee: 350 km Inclination: 51.6° 2,771 orbits 1 spacewalk |
| Site-1 (Launch Pad 5) Baikonur Cosmodrome |
65 km NE of Arkalyk | Researcher: Toktar Aubakirov (1st Flight) (Austromir Mission) (Down - Soyuz TM-12) (7 days 22 hours 12 minutes) |
Kazakhstan | M | ||
| Docked with Mir October 4, 1991 (07:38 GMT) (Forward Port) |
Undocked from Mir March 25, 1992 (05:26 GMT) (Forward Port) |
Researcher: Franz Viehböck (1st Flight) (Austromir Mission) (Down - Soyuz TM-12) (7 days 22 hours 12 minutes) |
Austria | M | ||
| Launch Vehicle Soyuz-U2 |
Port Relocation 1 October 15, 1991 (01:01 GMT - 02:45 GMT) (Forward Port to Kvant) |
Port Relocation 2 March 14, 1992 (11:43 GMT - 12:10 GMT) (Kvant to Forward Port) |
Backup Crew: Aleksandr Viktorenko | USSR | M | Time 175 days 2 hours 51 minutes |
| Backup Crew: Talgat Musabayev | Kazakhstan | M | ||||
| Backup Crew: Clemens Lothaller | Austria | M | ||||
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| STS-44 | November 24, 1991 (23:44 GMT) |
December 1, 1991 (22:34 GMT) |
Commander: Frederick Gregory (3rd Flight) (NASA Group 8) |
USA | M | Perigee: 365 km Apogee: 365 km Inclination: 28.5° 110 orbits |
| Pilot: Terence Henricks (1st Flight) (NASA Group 11) |
USA | M | ||||
| Mission Specialist 1: James Voss (1st Flight) (NASA Group 12) |
USA | M | ||||
| Mission Specialist 2: Story Musgrave (4th Flight) (NASA Group 6) |
USA | M | ||||
| Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) (10th Mission) |
Launch Pad 39A Kennedy Space Center, Florida |
34th landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California (Runway 5) |
Mission Specialist 3: Mario Runco (1st Flight) (NASA Group 12) |
USA | M | Time 6 days 22 hours 50 minutes |
| Payload Specialist 1: Thomas Hennen (1st Flight) (DOD Terra Scout Mission) |
USA | M | ||||
| Backup Payload Specialist 1: Michael Belt | USA | M | ||||
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Updated - July 12, 2008