| American Spacewalks | Russian Spacewalks | ISS Spacewalks |
|---|---|---|
| Gemini Spacewalks (1965 - 1966) | Early Soviet Spacewalks (1965 - 1986) (Voskhod, Soyuz, and Salyut Programs) |
Spacewalks performed by Space Shuttle Crews (1998 - 2001, 2002 - 2006) (2007 - present) |
| Apollo Spacewalks (1969 - 1972) | ||
| Skylab Spacewalks (1973 - 1974) | Mir Spacewalks (1987 - 1990) | |
| Space Shuttle Spacewalks (1983 - 1985) | Mir Spacewalks (1991 - 1993) | Spacewalks performed by Space Station Crews (Crews 2 - 13, Crews 14 - ) |
| Space Shuttle Spacewalks (1991 - 1997) | Mir Spacewalks (1994 - 1996) | |
| HST-SM Spacewalks (1993 - 2008) | Mir Spacewalks (1997 - 2000) |
| Key | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ISS | International Space Station | HST-SM | Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission |
| Notes on spacewalk definitions | Russia and the United States define spacewalks differently due to different spacecraft designs. The Russian definition of spacewalks is any time a cosmonaut spent in vacuum in a space suit, since Russian and Soviet spacecraft always had a specialized airlock for spacewalks. The American definition of spacewalks requires the astronaut to have at least his or her head outside the spacecraft. The Gemini and Apollo spacecraft depressurized their entire habitable volume for spacewalks. I followed the Walking to Olympus: An EVA Chronology monograph for applying the Russian definition to Russian spacewalks and the American definition to American spacewalks with the exception of the International Space Station spacewalks. I use the times announced by NASA. |
|---|
| Sources | |
|---|---|
| Soviet & Russian Spacewalks | astronautix.com, Soviet Space Web, spacefacts.de, various news stories |
| American Spacewalks | NASA's Human Spaceflight website, spacefacts.de, various news stories |
| Additional information on spacewalks through April 1997 came from Walking to Olympus: An EVA Chronology, Monographs in Aerospace History Series #7 (October 1997) available from NASA's Human Spaceflight website. | |
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Updated - December 14, 2007